2013年10月8日

羅斯特拉燈塔柱/阿羅拉號戰船



瓦西里島上,有兩根很顯眼紅色高約32公尺的羅斯特拉燈塔柱
及前證券交易所,是哥德復興式建築。



建於1805至1810年間,資本主義最盛行的19世紀時作為證券交易所,革命之後面臨關閉的命運,直到1940年代才改成海軍博物館,重新對外開放。



The Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange and Rostral Columns, located in Saint Petersburg by the Neva River, are significant examples of Greek Revival architecture.

Designed by French architect Thomas de Thomon, and inspired by the Greek Temple of Hera at Paestum, the stock exchange was constructed between 1805 and 1810. The rostral columns erected on either side of the Stock Exchange were completed in 1811.

Opposite the exchange building on the Neva, de Thomon designed a semicircular overlook with circular ramps descending to a jetty projecting into the river. This formal approach, is framed by two rostral columns centered on the portico of the Stock Exchange. The Doric columns sit on a granite plinth and are constructed of brick coated with a deep terra cotta red stucco and decorated with bronze anchors and four pairs of bronze ship prows (rostra). Seated marble figures decorate the base of each column each representing the major rivers of Russia — the Volga and Dnieper at the northern Rostral Column, Neva and Volkhov at the southern one. The Rostral Columns were originally intended to serve as beacons and originally were topped by a light in the form of a Greek brazier and lit by oil. The braziers have been removed and the tops of the columns refitted with gas torches that continue to be lit on ceremonial occasions.


像兩個守衛一般矗立在交易所門廊前左右兩方的羅斯特拉燈塔,建於1811年。

「羅斯特拉」(Rostral)是船頭的意思。代表將敵軍擊敗後,將船頭砍下來作為戰利品,裝飾在柱子上用以慶祝勝利,這緣自於古希臘羅馬的一種風俗。

柱子底座上有4 座約5公尺高的雕像,代表俄羅斯的4條主要河流—沃爾霍夫河(Volkhov)、涅瓦河(Neva)、第聶伯河(Dnieper)及伏爾加河(Volga)。過往以油燃起的火光現在已改用瓦斯點火,而且只在某些特定節日才會燃亮。



















這首經歷過兩次世界大戰,海軍編號第一號的巡洋艦「阿羅拉號戰船」Aurora,為十月革命打響共產統治第一砲(向冬宮開空炮彈)而聞名,
現已泊岸改為海軍學院。














「昆特斯卡莫」原本的字義為「藝術館」,然而這個粉藍色巴洛克式建築的昆特斯卡莫博物館,卻收藏著許多令人毛骨悚然的解剖標本──
連體嬰、畸形人、器官、嬰兒木乃伊等等。